Sustainable Development and Ethno-Inhabitant in Mangrove Ecology of India: A Case Study on Governance Policy in Sundarban

Abstract

Sundarban is the world heritage Mangrove area in the eastern part of India and the southern part of Bangladesh. My focus area is the rest 40% constitute, the part of India. The 54 islands in this region are inhabited by people and the Reserve Forest. There are strong ethnic feelings belonging to Schedule Cast, Schedule Tribe, Other-Backward-Class-A & B. Sundarban is a bountiful natural resource region of tropical, marine, and other aquatic organisms, endangered Royal Bengal tigers, crocodiles and other flora-faunas. Agriculture is the mainstay of economy catering to about 89% of the total population of this region; even the high percentage is landless. They have popular common occupations like farming, honey collection, fishing, crab hunting, etc. A unique occupation is Tiger Charmer (Bauley). There is a broad area of Tiger Widow. Tourism could be another economic activity. However, the infrastructure is still inadequate. Despite the rapid development of science and technology in India, has avoided the traditional and peripheral beings. It has to face tremendous loss of life and property due to natural hazards. Despite so many environmental acts, the Mangrove Preservation Act, working international institutions and Local NGOs the paper wants to focus on how these ethnic groups take self-initiative for the ecology preservation of the Sundarban. This study may suggest further policies to reduce natural disasters, lack of practical policy regimes, illegal approaches, and corruption in mangrove mapping platforms. This study accesses the attitude of local stakeholders about sustainable management for ethno-botany, permaculture, Mangrove-friendly ecology, etc.