Eternal Infancy or a Paradigm Shift? ChatGPT Opportunities, Challenges, and Needed Competencies in Higher Education: Exploring the Experiences of University Teachers and Students

Abstract

The introduction of ChatGPT has profoundly impacted academic institutions globally. As its full potential and associated risks are still being explored, understanding its implications in higher education becomes crucial. This qualitative study examines how university faculty and students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) perceive and utilize ChatGPT in higher education, focusing on its opportunities, challenges, and the necessary competencies for effective use. A case study approach was employed at a leading federal university in the UAE. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty participants, comprising 10 faculty members and 10 students. These interviews were complemented by an analysis of documents related to their use of ChatGPT prompts and outputs. The thematic analysis identified nine key themes: (1) Time-saving and efficiency; (2) Utilization of ChatGPT as a valuable information resource; (3) Integration of ChatGPT as a guiding tool in teaching and learning; (4) Personalization and adaptation of ChatGPT to individual needs; (5) Development of proficiency in ChatGPT competencies; (6) Over-reliance and potential addiction to ChatGPT; (7) Risks of misleading information; (8) Concerns about academic integrity; (9) Uncertainties regarding the appropriate use of ChatGPT. This study underscores the multifaceted issues associated with ChatGPT's increasing presence in higher education. Despite the early stage of its integration and the presence of several unresolved challenges, the potential benefits offered by ChatGPT in educational contexts are significant and merit attention.