Abstract Books of the World Conference on Management, Business, and Finance
The World Conference on Management, Business, and Finance (WORLDMBF) presents carefully peer-reviewed research presented at the annual Management, Business, and Finance conference organized by Proud Pen. This collection captures original work across the field of Management, Business, and Finance, spanning theoretical frameworks to applied studies. Each volume serves as a reference for ongoing research and study in the discipline.
This paper outlines a feasibility analysis for a small-scale Shrimp aquaculture operation. The study posits that the investment is wholly financed by Industrial Bank of Kuwait, with an interest rate of approximately 3.5% as per the Industrial Bank of Kuwait. Furthermore, it is presumed that market conditions are optimal, and all production capacity is expected to be utilized by the local market. The Shrimp farm occupies 50,000 square meters of land and has an annual output capacity of approximately 100 tons. The target weight of Shrimp is approximately 15 grams. A market analysis was performed to ascertain the selling prices of farmed Shrimp in Kuwait's market, established at 2.7 KD per kilogram. The findings indicated an annual operational cost of approximately 241 thousand KD and an annual revenue of 270 thousand KD, yielding a net revenue of about 40 thousand KD over the initial five years. The preliminary capital needed to establish and manage the Shrimp farm is approximately 383 thousand KD. The Feasibility Study indicates an Internal Rate of Return of approximately 13%, a Net Present Value of around 505 thousand KD, and a Payback Period of about 8 years, suggesting the project is viable.
Copyright (c) 2025 A. F. Al-Jaber, A. Naseeb, M. S. Behbehani, N. Abdulmalik, S. Al-Shamali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening Pre-Crisis Communication in Türkiye’s Disaster Management System: Challenges and Institutional Practices
This study aims to examine the challenges encountered in pre-crisis communication within disaster management in Türkiye and to propose potential solutions. The research first includes a comprehensive literature review to identify theoretical perspectives and best practices related to pre-crisis communication. Following this, interviews with field experts were conducted to obtain in-depth insights into institutional strategies, existing challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Based on the findings from the literature and interviews, the study will proceed with a survey to further broaden and validate the results. Disaster management consists of four phases: preparedness, response, rescue, and recovery. Pre-crisis communication plays a critical role from the very beginning of this cycle. Considering the high levels of uncertainty that emerge during and after disasters, minimizing this uncertainty for affected individuals is essential. Within this study, the pre-crisis communication activities of AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Authority), Türkiye’s primary public authority on disasters, as well as two experienced non-governmental organizations—KIZILAY (Turkish Red Crescent) and AKUT (Search and Rescue Association)—were examined. AFAD integrates pre-crisis communication into the “preparedness” and “risk reduction” phases of the disaster management cycle. Plans such as TAMP (Türkiye Disaster Response Plan), TARAP (Türkiye Risk Reduction Plan), and İRAP (Provincial Risk Reduction Plan) outline inter-agency responsibilities, communication infrastructure, and standard operating procedures. Disaster scenarios are created using AFAD-RED (Earthquake Damage and Loss Estimation Software) to develop pre-planned messaging and information strategies based on worst-case projections. Drills are used to test these processes, identify shortcomings, and ensure accurate messaging during crises. AFAD’s mobile application, “AFAD Emergency,” also contributes to pre-crisis awareness by providing information such as assembly areas, training videos, and location-sharing functions. KIZILAY manages pre-disaster inventory and resource coordination through its KIZILAY Disaster Management System (KAYS), but its direct public communication efforts prior to crises remain limited. Its pre-crisis communication activities mainly involve disaster and climate awareness programs in schools, volunteer networks, and informational efforts targeting blood donors and families, particularly through student-focused initiatives. Interviews with experts revealed that disaster-focused mobile applications attract significant attention during disasters but decline in usage afterward. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of these technological tools in pre-crisis communication requires enhanced training, sustained engagement, and improved promotional strategies. One example of AFAD’s awareness-building efforts is the Family Disaster Plan, which aims to reduce uncertainty by clarifying each family’s communication, assembly procedures, and strategies for contacting relatives in the event of a disaster. Strengthening public awareness through improvements in institutional communication strategies, the promotion of disaster plans, digital systems/applications, and training programs will facilitate more effective disaster response and contribute to the overall efficiency of the disaster management cycle.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Banu Baybars (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interrelationships between Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators of Regional Development in Russia
This study integrates spatial, demographic, and socioeconomic data to reveal systemic interrelationships between demographic processes and the level of socioeconomic development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The aim is to identify and quantify the links between demographic processes (fertility, mortality, life expectancy, net migration) and indicators of socioeconomic development in Russian regions over the period 1990–2025, as well as to construct a typology of regions based on the similarity of these interrelationships. Using matrices of pairwise correlation coefficients for 85 regions, obtained from observations of 59 key socioeconomic indicators from Rosstat for 1990–2025, and an original database of strong correlations (r ≥ 0.7), we implement a two‑level analytical design: (1) aggregation of mean correlation coefficients for each selected demographic indicator; and (2) cluster analysis of regional “correlation portraits” using k‑means and hierarchical clustering algorithms. In addition, to substantiate the empirical results, we carry out a review of Russian and international literature on the influence of demographic processes on the economy, housing conditions, social infrastructure, and regional development.The analysis shows that life expectancy has the most robust positive associations with gross regional product (GRP) per capita and the cost of a fixed consumer basket, and negative associations with hospital bed availability and the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. In most regions, the total fertility rate is inversely related to the level of urbanization, housing provision, and credit burden. Population size and density are closely associated with the concentration of medical personnel and, at the same time, negatively correlated with total credit indebtedness and residential floor area per capita. Cluster analysis identifies four types of regions—synergistic, transitional, mixed, and contrasting—differing in both number and strength of correlation links. The patterns identified confirm the theories of agglomeration effects and demographic transition and underline the need for a differentiated regional policy that accounts for the specific features of socioeconomic development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
socioeconomic development of Russian regions
Copyright (c) 2025 Vadim A. Bezverbny (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Financial Inclusion, Gender Inequality, and Sustainable Growth in the United Kingdom: Evidence From 1990–2024
Fintech is swiftly transforming the global financial landscape, with artificial intelligence paving the way for seamless, contactless transactions. As the drive for automation intensifies this decade, questions about its impact on employment have continued to remain prominent. This study examines how digital financial inclusion can foster sustainable growth in the UK, highlighting ongoing inequalities and the gender gap in accessing digital financial services. Using a quantitative approach, the research utilises UK government data from 2025, analysing factors such as digital literacy, education, and gender disparities in digital finance. By applying the ARDL model to data from 1990 to 2024, the results show that higher levels of digital literacy and education significantly support the UK's growth ambitions. Nevertheless, the gender gap in digital finance persists, mirroring patterns observed in charts and empirical data. Barriers to essential digital financial services and gender-based exclusion continue to impede economic progress. To promote genuinely inclusive growth, the study recommends targeted digital awareness campaigns directed at underrepresented genders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iyanu Emmanuel Olatunbosun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Infrastructure and Digital Innovation Capabilities as Drivers of SME Performance
The rapid acceleration of digitalization has heightened the strategic value of digital infrastructure as a key lever for enhancing competitiveness and organizational performance in increasingly uncertain environments. This study examines the role of digital infrastructure and innovation capabilities as critical drivers of SME performance. A quantitative survey was conducted with 150 Tunisian SMEs using a convenience sampling approach, and the data were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that a well-developed digital infrastructure significantly improves organizational performance (OP). In addition, digital infrastructure was found to enhance managers’ ability to reconfigure and innovate their business models, thereby strengthening their ventures’ adaptability. This research enriches the growing body of literature on digital transformation in emerging economies by providing empirical evidence from the North African context. It also offers practical insights for entrepreneurs and SME managers on how to leverage digital technologies to stimulate innovation, support sustainable growth, boost competitiveness, and better navigate rapidly evolving market conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Insaf Ben Ghanem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Emotional Intelligence and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Strength-Based Leadership in Kuwait’s Oil and Gas Sector
This paper sought to investigate the contribution of strength-based leadership on the relationship between Employee Performance (EP) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Kuwait's oil and gas sector. Throughout this paper, the influence of emotional intelligence on employee performance is investigated by examining all five elements of EI (self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills). This study aimed to determine which leaders applied the key aspects of strength-based leadership in managing their relationship with employees in the most important oil and gas industry in Kuwait. To bridge the gap in the literature, the research examined how work approaches in SBL functioned, leveraged the employees' strengths, and contributed to the 4 dimensions of EP (innovativeness, productivity, commitment, and engagement). Quantitative research was conducted on the data obtained from surveys that were conducted with 75 participants in the industry. Further, the study explored the possibilities of SBL as a mediator of the EI-EP relationship. Findings indicated that SBL indirectly influenced the EI-EP relationship. These findings suggest that EI facilitates the strengthening of EP by promoting the establishment of strength-based leadership practices. Consequently, the current study recommends the inclusion of EI and SBL training in leadership development programs to enhance employee performance. Organizations can improve employee productivity and engagement through emotionally intelligent, strengths-based leaders.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pupjana Kole (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Structural Causality and Long-Run Dynamics Of AED/INR Under Inflation and Output Shocks: An Empirical Study
This paper examines long term tendencies and causality of a specific variable between the AED/INR exchange rate and such important variables as CPI, IIP and NIFTY 50 based on monthly data taken between January 2014 and June 2025. ARDL bounds testing, Error Correction Modeling (ECM), and ARIMA forecasting were implemented and a high long-term association among the variables were found. The positive influence was experienced by Inflation which caused deprecation of the Rupee and the industrial output stabilized and even strengthened the exchange rate. ARDL model was statistically stable when tested using CUSUM and ARIMA forecasts future depreciation of the Rupee to 23.34 by mid-2025. Comprehensively, these findings indicate that the macroeconomic fundamentals influence the India-UAE exchange and provide informative information to policymakers and investors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Punit Shetty, Tanisha Sen, Dr. Bhoomika Batra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Streaming Dominance and Economic Signals: An Empirical Analysis on Netflix’s Stock Market Performance
The growth of Over-the-Top (OTT) Service has redefined the Indian digital entertainment market, and Netflix is Considered to be one of the essential pointers of market and economic mood. This Research paper uses monthly data on the period between January 2014 and June 2024 to discuss the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), and Indian Household Consumption on the Netflix Market Performance. Using ARDL model with ARIMA based Forecasting, the analysis finds out that there are negative short run effect of GDP and strong long run effect of consumption and consumer confidence. The error correction value takes long time to stabilize at equilibrium and the projection is that the stock market performance will continue to increase steadily. On the whole, Netflix valuation correlates well with the consumption based and sentiment based economic conditions in India.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tanisha Sen, Dr. Prathibha Raj M S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This paper presents a feasibility study on a sustainable small-scale Sheep Raising Farm (SRF), for the new and young livestock entrepreneurs. The study assumes that the investment is funded entirely from the farm's owner, and the interest rate used is around 4% as per the Central Bank of Kuwait's annual treasury bond rate. Additionally, market conditions are assumed to be optimal, and all production capacity is sold in the local market. The SRF is constructed on a 5,000 square meter plot with a Sheep breeding facility containing 25 SRF per cycle. The facility goes through three production cycles, producing around 75 lamps annually and reselling around 75 Mothers Sheep’s (MS) annually. The desired lamp age to be sold in the local market is about 4 months. A market study was conducted to determine the prices of selling and reselling Lamps and MS, it was discovered that the prices were around 80 Kuwaiti Dinar (KD). The financial results of the SRF showed an annual operational cost of 8,900 KD and an annual revenue of 12,000 KD, resulting in a net revenue of 3,100 KD. The initial investment required to construct and operate the farm is around 12,263 KD. In conducting the feasibility study analysis on the SRF, the financial results showed that the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is at 8%, the Net Present Value (NPV) is around 1,538 KD, and the Payback Period (PBP) is around 3.9 years, indicating a feasible project.
Copyright (c) 2025 A. Naseeb, N. Abdulmalik, S. Al-Shamali, A. F. Al-Jaber, M. S. Behbehani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors of Demographic Changes
This study examines how a broad range of socio-economic factors influence key demographic outcomes across 85 Russian regions. We analyze regional time-series data (1990–2020) on over 70 indicators and demographic measures including total fertility rate (TFR, overall and by birth order), life expectancy at birth, migration inflows/outflows, and total population change. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each region to identify robust associations, with lagged effects (1–3 years) considered to capture delayed impacts. To validate these relationships, Bayesian linear models were applied to the strongest correlations, providing probability distributions for effect sizes. The results show that fertility is most positively associated with social infrastructure supports for families – notably preschool availability and housing conditions – while higher poverty and unemployment correlate with lower birth rates. Life expectancy rises with improved healthcare provision (doctors, hospital beds) and living standards, and drops with poverty and joblessness. Net migration gains occur in economically prosperous, urbanized regions, whereas poorer regions with weak job markets experience population outflow. Migration has become the dominant component of regional population change, often outweighing natural increase. These findings underscore the multifaceted and region-specific nature of demographic change and suggest that targeted socio-economic policies are crucial for improving demographic outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arseniy Sitkovskiy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Transformation and Spatial Shrinking: The Case of Chukotka
This study examines the relationship between shifts in economic models and spatial organization in extreme Arctic conditions through the case of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Using retrospective geoinformational analysis of data from 160 settlements between 1959 and 2021, three distinct stages of socio-economic and demographic dynamics in the region have been identified and analyzed. The first stage (1959-1989) was characterized by extensive industrial growth and a dispersed settlement pattern, supported by state paternalism and a planned economy. The second stage (the 1990s) was marked by abrupt shrinking triggered by the transition to a market economy, which led to mass closures of unprofitable enterprises and population outflow. The third, contemporary stage (2000s to present) is distinguished by stabilization and concentration of the remaining population and economic activity in a limited number of key centers, such as Anadyr. The research results quantitatively demonstrate the consequences of this transformation: by 2021, the settlement network had shrunk 2.5 times compared to 1970. Meanwhile, the indicator of territorial population concentration, after a decline in the 1980s-1990s, returned to the level of the 1970s, indicating a fundamental restructuring of the spatial structure. It is concluded that a new, more compact and concentrated settlement pattern has emerged as an adaptive response to market reality challenges. The findings have practical significance for developing spatial development strategies and adapting settlement systems in other Arctic regions of Russia. The study was supported by grant No. 25-78-30004 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/25-78-30004
Copyright (c) 2025 Konstantin A. Chernyshev (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Feasibility Study of Poultry Production Combining Broilers and Layers Chicken as a Way of Improving Local Poultry Production
This paper presents a feasibility study analysis on a small-scale poultry farm project, containing two production facilities one for boilers and the other for layers, with an estimated lifespan of 3 years. The production capacity of the boilers facility is around 6,000 chickens annually, totaling to 36,000 chickens for the project suggested duration. While the production capacity of the layer’s facility is averaged around 800,000 eggs annually, or around 89,000 egg cartons annually. The estimated annual revenue generated form poultry farm is between 48,000 – 250,000 Kuwaiti Dinar annually, and the estimated expenditure is between 101,000 – 105,000 Kuwaiti Dinar annually. In conducting the feasibility study analysis process, it was discovered that the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is around 12%, Net Present Value (NPV) is around 34,000 KD, and the Payback Period (PBP) is around 2.5 years, indicating a feasible poultry project.
Copyright (c) 2025 N. Abdulmalik, A. Naseeb, S. Al-Shamali, A. F. Al-Jaber, M. S. Behbehani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Soft Steps, Firm Margins: Subtle Price Adjustments in Inflationary Markets
This study investigates how firms can strategically adjust prices during periods of high inflation without eroding profitability or customer loyalty. Using a large-scale panel dataset of 143,000 books from Türkiye’s leading online bookstore, we analyze the pricing behavior of 50 major publishers between April and October 2022—a period marked by rapid inflation. We develop a two-dimensional behavioral clustering framework that captures both the frequency and magnitude of publishers’ price adjustments, enabling the identification of distinct pricing strategies under inflationary pressure. The analysis reveals two dominant approaches: incremental, frequent price adjustments and infrequent but large, one-shot increases. Empirical results show that moderate, steady price adjustments outperform aggressive hikes in sustaining revenue and profitability. Profit analysis across multiple cost-margin scenarios further highlights that the persistence of price changes—rather than their magnitude—plays a more decisive role in financial performance. Overall, the findings contribute to pricing and inflation management literature by offering a data-driven framework for classifying firm behavior and evaluating performance under volatile macroeconomic conditions. The study provides actionable insights for managers seeking to balance margin preservation, consumer perception, and competitive positioning during inflationary periods.
Copyright (c) 2025 Derya Yurt, Cenk Koçaş (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership and Innovation: Insights into Agile and Transformational Leadership in MENA SMEs
Purpose –This study examines the impact of Agile Leadership and Transformational Leadership on innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research seeks to shed light on the processes by which leadership behaviors drive innovation, particularly in environments with limited resources. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study analyzed survey data gathered from 206 SMEs across Tunisia, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. The research employed the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to evaluate the proposed conceptual framework. Findings – The results indicate that Agile and Transformational Leadership significantly and directly influences innovation in SMEs. These findings highlight the crucial role of leadership behaviors in stimulating innovation without intermediary mechanisms. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to SMEs in Mena region, which restricts the generalizability of the results to other contexts. Larger or transnational samples would strengthen the external validity of the findings. Future research could incorporate additional mediating or moderating variables such as organizational culture, organizational trust, entrepreneurial orientation, or organizational learning to refine our understanding of the mechanisms by which leadership influences innovation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Zeineb ESSID (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Automated Multi-ERP Unit of Measure Harmonization: A Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning Approach for Supply Chain Data Consistency
Effectively managing Units of Measure (UOM) inconsistencies across diverse ERP systems remains a critical bottleneck impeding data accuracy and operational efficiency in large-scale supply chains. This study presents an automated Multi-ERP UOM Harmonization System implemented via a KNIME workflow, addressing this challenge by integrating physics-aware validation, machine learning prediction, and reinforcement learning automation. The system consolidates UOM data from three ERP environments, including development (PRE), production (PRD), and production planning (PRP), while supporting CSV uploads in the absence of SAP ERP. This enables the effective transformation of a demanding manual reconciliation process consuming over 200 person-hours monthly into an autonomous operation processing 10,000+ records in 2–3 minutes with a 94% resolution rate. The system architecture implements a four-stage pipeline: multi-source data acquisition (direct Oracle ERP integration for PRE, PRD, and PRP, and a web portal for CSV file uploads), intelligent harmonization using a PRP-centric standardization logic, autonomous decision-making, and standardized output for production use. Physics-based validation enforces dimensional consistency per NIST standards, with uncertainty propagation across multi-step conversions. A machine learning model, leveraging over 60 features, achieves 85–92% accuracy in predicting UOM errors and generating risk scores. Implementing a reinforcement learning framework optimizes remediation actions, reducing manual interventions dramatically. Concluding, this system transforms manual, error-prone UOM reconciliation into a scalable, automated solution that delivers high accuracy, operational efficiency, and strategic value. Its integration of physics-based validation, machine learning, and reinforcement learning provides a new standard for supply chain data management in complex multi-ERP environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliet Bosibori Mirambo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-Economic and Demographic Development of the Regions of the Central Ecological Zone of Lake Baikal
This study examines current demographic, economic, social, and environmental issues in the Irkutsk Region and Buryatia, which are part of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The research is based on statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, scholarly articles and monographs on the topic, sociological survey results, media reports, and information collected during a scientific expedition to Lake Baikal. The socio-economic development of municipalities within the Central Ecological Zone of Lake Baikal remains constrained by environmental legislation that restricts economic activity. The inability to fully utilize land resources contributes to out-migration among the local population. Tourism is one of the few economic sectors permitted in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. However, the low level of diversification within municipal economies threatens sustainable socio-economic development, despite the growing number of tourists visiting the region each year. The region risks losing a significant share of its income in the event of political, economic, or epidemiological crises. The development of alternative economic activities would enhance the socio-economic security of the area. This potential is also influenced by the region’s demographic characteristics: expanding local employment and improving workforce training would support the effective implementation of new development strategies. Diversifying economic activity is further justified by the negative impact of tourism on the Baikal ecosystem. Reevaluating the current economic, social, and environmental policy approaches applied in the region has therefore become a pressing issue.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miriazov Timur R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enacting Moral Management: Applying Ethical Principles and Values in Leading and Correcting Subordinates’ Behaviors
Top managers are leaders and role models for subordinates. Although numerous research papers have been published on ethical leadership, to the best of our knowledge, recent research has largely overlooked the phenomenon of how managers apply ethical principles in their everyday leadership practices. Moreover, we are interested in finding out how top managers see ethical behaviour amongst their subordinates. Our research relies on moral management theory (A. Carroll, 2000). Our central research question is how different types of moral managers understand the ethics regarding their own and subordinates’ behaviour. Current research aims to understand how types of moral managers and the roles of values interact in ethical interventions by top managers. We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with top managers in Estonia, who described the ethical conflicts they encountered in workplace situations. Based on our study results, we demonstrate the model of moral managers regarding values and habits in the context of unethical behaviour occurring among subordinates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Merle Ojasoo, Marge Sassi, Karin Reinhold (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of COVID-19 on Bank Card Usage in Kuwait: Evidence of Shifting Payment Behavior
This study investigates changing behavior in bank card usage in Kuwait as a result of Covid-19. Using quarterly data from the Central Bank of Kuwait covering the period 2011Q3–2025Q2, we construct aggregate point-of-sale (POS) and ATM transactions from local debit, local credit, and foreign cards, then try to identify the effect of the pandemic. To formally identify structural changes, we applied Chow Tests at selected candidate break dates. The Chow Test results confirm statistically significant breaks around the onset of the pandemic, particularly in POS usage, indicating a strong and sustained shift toward digital payment behavior. Conversely, ATM withdrawals show pronounced declines, reflecting reduced reliance on cash. The evidence suggests that the pandemic served as a catalyst for permanent behavioral transformation rather than a temporary shock.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulghaphor Hajjieh, Munirah Altaher, Bader Alotaibi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing a Diagnostic Tool for Assessing the Climate Resilience of Greek SMEs
This study presents the development of a diagnostic tool designed to assess, quantify, and monitor the resilience of Greek Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to climate change. Following a deductive methodological approach informed by literature and SME practitioner insights, a five-dimensional framework with twenty measurement indicators was developed. The process followed a systematic three-step design ensuring theoretical soundness and practical applicability. First, an initial pool of indicators was generated for each dimension, emphasizing observable business behaviors and measurable outcomes. Second, indicators were adapted to the SME context, considering resource constraints and operational feasibility. Third, a threat-agnostic framework was established, enhancing the tool’s flexibility across various disruption types. Exploratory interviews with SME owners and stakeholders enriched the methodology and highlighted key managerial adaptation challenges. The resulting tool offers a comprehensive and actionable assessment of organizational resilience, supporting managerial decision-making and policy formulation for SME sustainability and competitiveness. The creation of this diagnostic tool advances theoretical and practical knowledge on the topic.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ioannis C. Thanos, Antonia Lampaki, Ilias Kapoutsis, Stavros Vourloumis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Neurobranding as an Interdisciplinary Approach to Strengthening Brand Image and Awareness
The paper focuses on the exploration and application of neurobranding as an innovative tool for strategically strengthening brand image and increasing brand awareness in the market. Through an interdisciplinary connection between neuroscience, psychology, and marketing, it explains how neural reactions, subconscious mechanisms, and emotional responses of consumers can contribute to the optimization of brand communication strategies and more effective brand identity building. The paper is divided into four chapters, which gradually cover the theoretical foundations of neuroscience, the role of brands in the context of consumer behavior, the interconnection of these areas within the concept of neurobranding, and the development of this topic in domestic and foreign literature. The final part reflects current trends, methodological approaches, and perspectives for further research, which point to the growing importance of this area for creating competitive advantage. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that neurobranding is a dynamic but still insufficiently researched discipline that offers high potential for both marketing practice and academic research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ing. Filip Žiak, Ing. Kristína Dúbravská (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Procurement Trinity: A Strategic Leadership Framework for Balancing Cost, Risk, and ESG in Global Supply Chains
In an era defined by geopolitical uncertainty, sustainability pressures, and rapid technological change, procurement has evolved beyond its traditional cost-saving function to become a strategic driver of organizational resilience and value creation. This paper introduces the Procurement Trinity Framework, an integrative leadership model that positions procurement at the intersection of Cost Leadership, Risk Management, and ESG & Compliance. The framework argues that sustainable competitive advantage in today’s global markets requires balancing three imperatives: (1) delivering cost efficiency and financial value, (2) mitigating supply chain risks through tier-2 visibility and proactive scenario planning, and (3) ensuring alignment with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards. Drawing from examples across emerging and developed markets, the study demonstrates how organizations adopting the Procurement Trinity can achieve superior outcomes in resilience, stakeholder trust, and long-term performance. The paper also highlights how AI-driven procurement intelligence enables leaders to operationalize this framework by providing real-time insights into supplier risks, price fluctuations, and compliance performance. This contribution advances the discourse on procurement leadership by offering a structured approach that integrates cost efficiency, risk resilience, and sustainability into a single model, positioning procurement not just as a support function but as a core enabler of organizational strategy and global competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ikechukwu Torti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Constrains of Marginalized Groups in the Labour Market
The transformation of economies, especially those in the central and eastern Europe has changed the structure of the economy, creation of new market opportunities, but also the termination of some economic sectors, e.g. heavy industry. This process has brought changes in the labour market and massive layoffs. As a result, unemployment has rapidly increased. The most vulnerable group of workforce were low skilled and educated workers. Many of those workers’ origin in the marginalized group of people, such as Roma community. During this transformation, their income has decreased and many of them have become dependent on social contribution. Even is the situation improving, most of the people from marginalized groups live in inappropriate conditions with low living standard, having low income or contributions, often without access to fresh water or canalization. A large part of marginalized population is unemployed, even long-term unemployed. The main reason is the low qualification, loss of working habits and in addition, discrimination in the labour market. One of the measures that would help, apart from the education, is the job creation. As the significant number of jobs in central and eastern European economies is created by the foreign direct investments, the targeted incentives to support investments into the less developed regions, in which marginalized population is included. Then, those people would acquire work experiences and increase their standard of living. Paper deals with the analysis of constrains, which marginalized population is facing in the labour market and the role of the foreign direct investments, which flows would help to improve the living standards of marginalized groups of people.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ľubomír Darmo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk, Bias, and Retirement: Behavioural Drivers of Pension Savings in Slovakia
This paper studies how behavioural biases and individual risk preferences influence the investment decisions of Slovak pension savers within the framework of the second pension pillar. Motivated by the growing body of literature in behavioural finance, the study addresses how psychological factors such as loss aversion, confidence in retirement social security income, and investment experience interact with socio-economic characteristics to shape portfolio allocation. Traditional economic models assume that rational investors optimise utility under risk, and the evidence shows that cognitive biases, bounded rationality and limited financial literacy significantly affect real-world financial behaviour, particularly in long-term savings decisions. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 400 respondents, the study employs a hypothetical allocation exercise across four pension funds that replicate the Slovak pension saving system and applies a fractional logit model to examine determinants of the share of risky assets. In addition, the analysis is complemented by descriptive evidence from administrative data on pension savers’ reactions to the 2023 pension reform, which introduced a life-cycle default investment strategy. By focusing on Slovakia, a country with rapidly ageing population and increasing fiscal pressure, the paper contributes to the literature on behavioural finance and pension system studies. In this context, it provides new empirical evidence from a Central and Eastern European context. The findings inform policymakers, pension fund managers, and educators about the behavioural drivers of investment strategies, with implications for improving pension product design, financial education, and retirement security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Estera Szakadatova, Anetta Caplanova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-Economic Inequalities and Fiscal Sustainability: Evidence from Slovakia and the European Union
Growing socio-economic disparities are increasingly viewed not only as a social concern but also as a factor undermining effective economic governance. In this paper we explore, how poverty and unequal health outcomes influence the long-term stability of public finances. We use the case study of Slovakia and benchmark it against European trends. Based on statistical evidence from Eurostat, the Slovak Statistical Office, and the World Health Organization, our analysis highlights that increased levels of poverty risk, premature and avoidable deaths, and regional health gaps create mounting fiscal pressures through higher healthcare expenditures, reduced labor market participation, and productivity losses that may persist across generations. The study demonstrates that neglected inequalities in marginalized communities, including Roma settlements, translate into significant economic costs. Addressing these costs requires moving beyond welfare approaches towards integrated policies that connect social inclusion with efficient resource management in health and social systems. Thus, inequality reduction represents an economic imperative. From this perspective, the paper contributes to the debate on how countries can enhance resilience and fiscal sustainability in the face of current demographic and social challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anetta Caplanova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The E-vehicle domain has recently garnered significant attention both in academia and the practitioner world to deal with the challenges of unsustainability and climate change. The majority of the studies in the literature have focused on the adoption benefits of E-Vehicles. However, certain sustainability-related challenges are associated with the adoption of E-Vehicles are still unattended in the literature. This study attempts to address this gap in the literature by investigating and identifying the sustainability risks associated with E-vehicle adoption. A systematic literature review is conducted to synthesize the existing knowledge system to propose taxonomy of sustainability risks in the context of E-vehicles and identify the risk treatment strategies for mitigating the identified risks. A generic framework for managing sustainability risks in E-vehicles is developed. The findings will help researchers and practitioners to understand and manage the sustainability challenges associated with E-vehicles to achieve the ultimate objective of sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Divya Choudhary (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating The Managerial Roles of Residential Property Managers in the North-West Province of South Africa: A Tenant’s Perspective
The South African real estate industry has seen an increase in rental properties and recognises the vital role of residential real estate managed by property managers which contributes to the long-term sustainability of residential properties. However, there is evidence that tenants are dissatisfied and complain about poor property management, which results in tenants not renewing their lease contracts. The primary objective was to investigate the managerial roles (interpersonal, informational and decisional) of residential property managers in the North-West province of South Africa from a tenant's perspective. A quantitative research approach was utilised, using a web-based structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed to residential tenants. A non-probability, convenience sampling method was used to reach respondents, and a sample size of 500 respondents was realised. It was established that respondents' perceptions differed statistically significantly in terms of age and length of tenancy. However, no statistically significant differences were uncovered between respondents regarding their gender and education. Respondents indicated that property managers were more effective in decisional roles and emphasised the need for improved communication, relationships and responsiveness to tenants. It is recommended that property managers improve their interpersonal, informational and decisional roles in facility and lease management through consistent communication, enhanced responsiveness, enhancing transparency, timeliness, tenant involvement, and the use of data to inform decisions. Suggestions for future research include investigating other provinces or regions, both within South Africa and internationally and a qualitative research method from a tenant or property managers perspective could be implemented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Botha, Lerato Mdaka, Alecia Brough (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Labor Supply among Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes in Japan
This study examines the impact of diabetes on workforce participation and working hours in Japan by gender and educational background. In particular, we focus on the effects of subjective symptoms and complications. The data used in our analysis are a pooled cross-sectional dataset for 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, and the entropy matching method is utilized between the treatment and control groups. Our results show that diabetes has a negative effect on workforce participation in all subgroups, with the largest negative effect in women with lower education. We also find that having subjective symptoms has a more significant negative impact on workforce participation, especially among men with lower education, than among those without subjective symptoms. The negative impact on the workforce is the smallest for women with higher education, and no significant impact is found for those without symptoms. Negative effects on working hours are also found for all subgroups, except for highly educated women. However, the impact of subjective symptoms and complications on working hours is limited compared with their impact on workforce participation. The results of this study reveal a gender and educational gap between diabetes and labor supply, even when subjective symptoms and complications are taken into account. Our supplementary analysis indicates an increase in the incidence of diabetes from 2010 to 2022, after controlling for other attributes. Enhancing individualized support plans for people with diabetes in the presence of diabetic symptoms and complications is an issue to consider in the workplace.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mamiko Takeuchi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Interplay of Transformational Leadership, Emergent Organisation Culture, and Complex Adaptive Systems: A Longitudinal Framework
This literature review examines the dynamic interrelationships among transformational leadership, organisational culture, and complex adaptive systems (CAS) through the lens of a longitudinal research framework. Synthesising empirical studies from 2019 to 2025, we analyse five hypotheses concerning (1) the adaptive trajectory of transformational leadership; (2) cultural shifts toward emergent properties; (3) leadership-culture covariation; (4) operational outcome correlations; and (5) non-linear micro-change impacts. Our analysis integrates Bass and Avolio’s transformational leadership theory, Schein's organisational culture model, and Plsek and Greenhalgh’s CAS framework, with Bloom’s Taxonomy informing methodological design. The findings indicate that transformational leaders function as system attractors who amplify cultural adaptability through feedback reinforcement cycles, with even minor behavioural adjustments triggering disproportionate cultural shifts via nonlinear amplification. The CAS perspective reveals that emergent cultural properties co-evolve with leadership practices through reciprocal adaptation mechanisms, explaining why 70% of traditional initiatives fail, whereas CAS-informed approaches show higher success rates. Practical implications include designing micro-intervention protocols targeting leadership communication patterns and implementing cultural sensing systems to monitor emergent properties. This review establishes a temporal-causal framework for the longitudinal analysis of organisational change dynamics, addressing critical gaps in the understanding of how leadership adaptations catalyse cultural evolution in complex systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lim Ee Ai, Rashad Yazdanifard (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Service Quality through Customer Expectation and Experience: An Analysis of the Interaction in Gauteng’s Fast-food Franchise Industry
South Africa’s fast-food franchise industry is experiencing a rapid escalation in customer demand for superior service quality. Globally, service quality is recognized as a critical determinant of increasing industry competitiveness, with evidence suggesting that failure to maintain service quality could result in over 65 percent of customers not returning to fast-food franchises. Understanding customer expectations and their service experiences is, therefore, essential for formulating and implementing effective service quality strategies, which are instrumental in fostering sustainable industry development. This study examined data from 315 Gauteng-based franchise customers using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis to identify the underlying dimensions of service quality. The researchers used PCA to assess whether tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy characterize customer expectations and experiences. Thereafter, the hierarchical multiple regression was employed to determine whether the addition of a specific customer expectation variable improved the prediction of a specific customer experience variable over and above other customer expectation variables. The findings indicate that tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy define both customer expectations and experiences. Furthermore, the results reveal the extent to which customer expectations influence customer experience in Gauteng’s fast-food franchise industry. These findings highlight the strategic imperative for fast-food franchises to accurately interpret customer needs and implement targeted service delivery strategies that close the expectation–experience gap, thereby enhancing long-term industry competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Louis Jacobus van Staden, Alfred Henrico, Chane Naude (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Talent Exceptionality and Retention Management in A Developing Market: An Evaluation of the Nigerian Public Health Sector
Talent exceptionality and retention management are critical to the effectiveness of public health systems, particularly in developing markets like Nigeria, where healthcare workforce shortages and brain drain persist. This thesis evaluates the Nigerian public health sector, focusing on how exceptional talent—health professionals with superior skills, expertise, and innovative capacity—is identified, nurtured, and retained. It examines the universal challenges affecting talent retention, including inadequate compensation, poor working conditions, limited career advancement opportunities, and governance ineffectiveness. By utilizing a qualitative approach with Microsoft Forms as the data collection tool, this study will generate rich, context-sensitive insights into Nigeria’s public health sector through exploring the impact of financial and non-financial incentives, leadership strategies, and workplace culture on employee retention. Findings reveal that while monetary rewards are vital, factors such as professional development and job security significantly influence the decision of exceptional talent to remain in the sector, ultimately improving workforce stability and healthcare service delivery. The study highlights the role of government policies in shaping workforce stability and proposes a strategic framework for sustainable retention, emphasizing competitive remuneration, improved work environments, capacity-building programs, and enhanced leadership engagement. Comparative insights from other developing markets underscore the need for Nigeria to adopt a multi-faceted approach to workforce management, integrating both short-term retention mechanisms and long-term systemic reforms. The study will establish that a comprehensive, well-structured talent retention strategy is indispensable to strengthening Nigeria’s public health sector and mitigating the adverse impacts of workforce attrition on healthcare delivery and national progress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naomi Ihinose Asia, Jim Moir, Afsheen Fatima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0