Abstract Books of the Global Conference on Research in Social Sciences
The Abstract Books of the Global Conference on Research in Social Sciences (RSCONF) presents carefully peer-reviewed research presented at the annual Social Sciences conference organized by Proud Pen. This collection captures original work across the field of Social Sciences, spanning theoretical frameworks to applied studies. Each volume serves as a reference for ongoing research and study in the discipline.
Philosophy as Artistic Practice: On Institutionalizing Creative Thinking between Science and Art
This paper proposes a model for institutionalizing creative thinking at the intersection of philosophy, science, and art. It begins from the paradox that freedom resists institutional capture and, following Rahner, argues that such tensions cannot be resolved theoretically but must be lived in practice. The concept of an “Atelier of the Mind” is introduced—a philosophically grounded space where non-conceptual insight, artistic methods, and scientific inquiry co-produce knowledge. Drawing on traditions from Plato and Hadot to contemporary accounts of epistemically transformative experience, the paper formulates design criteria such as contemporaneity, meta-awareness, reflection on form, and performativity. Insights from a pilot workshop and German institutional comparanda demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. The paper concludes with a concrete proposal for a “Philosophical Academy for Science and Art”—a non-university hub designed to sustain long-term encounters between artistic and scientific practices of knowing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rico Gutschmidt, Karolina Vocke (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Gender-Role Identityon Adolescents’ Self-Attitude
This article examines the influence of gender-role identity on adolescents’ self-attitude. It emphasizes the crucial role of gender-role identity in the process of socialization. The study reveals that, between the ages of 11 and 13, gender differences in behavior and interests become more pronounced, and adolescents show increased interest in cross-gender interactions. It was found that the androgynous factor dominates in both boys and girls, indicating a combination of traditionally masculine and feminine traits in a single individual. The study also shows that adolescents often express their gender identity indirectly—through behavioral roles. The results confirm that gender-role identity significantly affects self-esteem, self-attitude, and the formation of social roles, shaping the quality of interpersonal relationships and overall personal development during adolescence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shakeeva Chinara, Kamchybek uulu Myrzabek (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Working Muslim Women and Social Transformation in the Late Ottoman Empire
The late Ottoman period was marked by profound social transformations, during which women became increasingly visible in the public sphere. From the Tanzimat era (1839–1876) onward, reforms in education and public policy expanded opportunities for women, enabling them to access schooling and professional life in greater numbers. By the Second Constitutional Period (1908–1918), a more organized women’s movement advanced these demands through associations and periodicals. Employment expanded to include factories, state offices, and security services, and the wartime labor shortage became the main factor drawing more women into public employment. Archival documents and press sources indicate that women’s labor was not merely an economic necessity. Workforce participation allowed women to develop identities beyond domestic roles, encouraged flexibility in gender norms, and reshaped the boundaries of the public sphere. Although facing low wages, limited advancement, and social resistance, their presence enriched the social dimensions of modernization. This paper examines the role of Muslim women in the workforce and their contributions to Ottoman modernization. Using a social history perspective, it draws on archival evidence and scholarship to place women’s experiences within the wider dynamics of late Ottoman society. It argues that modernization cannot be explained solely through state reforms and male actors; instead, women’s access to education, partial legal reforms, and especially their entry into the workforce under wartime conditions played a significant role in this process, connecting the Ottoman case to broader debates on gender and labor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yeliz Usta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discourse on Concern: Language Choice of Malaysian Prime Minister’s Independence Speech by Online News Portal
This study explores the notion of concern by online news portals in Malaysia through selected language choice from a discourse perspective. The two digital based news portal reports are on speech given by the present Prime Minister of Malaysia, Anwar Ibrahim a day before the 68th Independence Day celebration are the selected data for analysis. The language choice of these two digital news mediate various stages of concern via his speech. Analysis using lexicogrammatical approach reveals how these online Malaysian news portals choose to put emphasis on Anwar Ibrahim’s use of language. Findings show the discourse through patterns of language specifically selected by the two portals reflect concern for unity across a nation made up of multi-ethnic communities apart from his inclusion as a Malay political leader with socialcultural sentiments. Interestingly, though both news emerge with similar results, however, differences in the omission of lexico-grammatical choices between these two portals in a country of diverse language, race and religion allow for further concern.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uma Rani A Rethina Velu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Everyday Life of Culture: Knowledge Transmission and Continuity inIndigenous and Adivasi Communities of South India
In Indigenous and Adivasi communities, everyday activities and interactions play a crucial role in passing down traditional information to future generations. This paper investigates how ordinary routines—language, kinship practices, community exchanges, work, play, and ritual—function as critical sites of cultural continuity, drawing on theoretical frameworks of Sociocultural Learning (Vygotsky), Enculturation, Situated Learning, and Communities of Practice (Lave & Wenger), Symbolic Interactionism (Mead, Blumer), Practice Theory (Bourdieu), Social Learning Theory (Bandura), and Cultural Reproduction (Bourdieu & Passeron). Ethnographic research on the Yerukala, Irular, and Kāṭṭu Nāyakar communities in South India reveals how behaviours such as fortune telling mirror broader Indigenous methods for preserving knowledge, livelihood, and identity. Oral traditions and symbolic storytelling instil collective memory and cosmology in everyday speech; intergenerational apprenticeship secures the transmission of specialist expertise; and community interactions make cultural practice into both an economic resource and a social link. Embodied work practices and ritualised performances reflect habitus through movements, clothing, and tools, whereas fun and performative elements promote observant learning. Ritual invocations and symbolic acts strengthen cosmological worldviews, allowing for cultural reproduction even in the face of social and economic marginalisation. This analysis places these findings within broader discussions about everyday living, focusing on de Certeau's The Practice of Everyday Living, Bennett's Culture and Everyday Life, Miller and McHoul's Popular Culture and Everyday Life, and Storey's From Popular Culture to Everyday Life. Collectively, these works demonstrate how the everyday can be a potent location of cultural meaning-making. By situating South Indian ethnographies within this comparative and theoretical framework, the paper contends that Indigenous and Adivasi communities exemplify a universal dynamic: the incorporation of cultural survival strategies into the ordinary rhythms of life, where work, ritual, and play converge as enduring vehicles of resilience, identity, and continuity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Prudhvi Kumar Kanyadari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Regressivity of a UK Uniform Carbon Tax and Potential Policy Solutions
This paper examines the distributional impacts of introducing a uniform, economy-wide ‘carbon tax’ on household consumption in the United Kingdom and evaluates whether the tax is inherently regressive. It also investigates whether revenue recycling via a personal carbon allowance (PCA), or ‘carbon dividend’, can mitigate or reverse regressivity. The analysis is situated in the context of the UK’s legally binding commitment to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, which requires significant reductions from household energy use, transport, and wider consumption. Using 2022–23 data from the UK Living Costs and Food Survey, matched to COICOP-level carbon intensity estimates from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, the study constructs a detailed simulation model of household “carbon tax burdens.” The model applies a flat carbon price of varying amounts per tonne of CO₂ equivalent across more than 600 expenditure categories. Household size and composition are adjusted using the OECD-modified equivalence scale, allowing comparisons across income deciles. Sample results suggest that a uniform carbon tax would be regressive without compensation, since low-income households devote a higher share of income to energy and transport, which are both carbon-intensive and relatively inelastic. Revenue recycling through a PCA could offset these effects, with lower-income households becoming net beneficiaries while higher-income groups remain net contributors. However, a subset of low-income households may still lose out due to high energy needs, rural location, or reliance on private transport. Identifying these groups is essential for designing complementary policies that ensure fairness alongside decarbonisation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Steve Dwyer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Middle East Pain Registry (MEPAIN): Feasibility Study of Chronic Pain Registry and Pilot Phase Results
Background: Chronic pain is a significant public health concern due to its long-term disabling effects. To support systematic data collection and improve patient management, the Middle East Pain Registry (MEPAIN) was developed. This study outlines the registry’s design, evaluates its feasibility, and presents initial findings from its pilot phase. Materials and Methods: MEPAIN was launched on July 21, 2024, with data collected via the Zigorat® software platform through January 22, 2025 for this pilot study. Each patient record included demographic details, pain characteristics (pattern, location, intensity), physical exam findings, imaging results, diagnoses, interventions, and follow-up data. Results: A total of 3,903 patients were registered during the six-month pilot. The cohort was 59.5% female, with a mean age of 53.5 ± 14.8 years; 50.2% were Iranian and 49.5% Omani. Lumbar radiculopathy was the most frequent diagnosis. Osteoarthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome predominated among females, while lumbar radiculopathy and discogenic pain were more common in younger patients. Iranians reported higher pain intensity during exacerbations, while Omanis showed greater prevalence of discogenic pain, spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and failed back surgery syndrome. Paresthesia was the most frequently reported symptom, and transforaminal epidural steroid injection was the most common procedure performed. Conclusion: The MEPAIN registry successfully captures comprehensive clinical and procedural data on patients with chronic pain in the Middle East. It offers a robust platform for clinical evaluation and research, supporting future efforts to tailor pain management strategies in regional populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Habib Zakeri , Mohammad Radmehr, Aliasghar Karimi , Leala Montazeri , Pegah Pedramfard, Parisa Mahdiyar , Farnaz Hemati , Atiyeh Ebrahimi , Sogand Sadeghi , Saba Moalemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Public Service Motivation (PSM) and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory: Insights from the Sabah Department of Labour, Malaysia
Past studies have shown that employee motivation is closely related to their performance; hence, Public Service Motivation (PSM) is an important factor that influences employee commitment and effectiveness. According to the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, the quality of the relationship between leaders and members is important for employee motivation and performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PSM and LMX among civil servants. It also examined how high-quality leader exchange, characterised by respect, trust, and obligation, could enhance civil servants’ desire to work for the public good and contribute to organisational performance. This study adopted a quantitative approach to analyse the questionnaire data collected from 80 civil servants from the Sabah Department of Labour. The result of this study revealed that six dimensions of Public Service Motivation namely 1) Attraction to Policy Making, 2) Commitment to the Public Interest, 3) Social Justice, 4) Civic Duty, 5) Compassion, 6) Self-Sacrifice have a significant relationship and impact on the relationship between superiors and subordinates based on the Leader Member Exchange Theory (LMX) aspects such as obligation, respect, and trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Kamis Bin Baharuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The July Revolution of 2024 in Bangladesh: Student-Led Mobilization, Digital Coordination, and the Dual Legacy of Youth Activism in the Global South
The July Revolution of 2024 in Bangladesh, largely student led, is one of the most crucial, but understudied, instances of youth based civic resistance in the Global South, which has been ignored thus far due to salience of regional scholarship, lack of empirical research, and scant media coverage in transnational markets. This case builds on social movement theory in the way that decentralized digital coordination and networks of campuses maintain mass movement mobilizations of democracies within authoritarian limits. Putting it in the context of social movement theory and political sociology, the paper utilizes political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, and framing as a way of explaining how grievances were framed in collective action. As an example, online coordinated campaigning triggered over 5,000 students in 12 key universities, which represents mobilization of resources, whereas the importance of the issue of accountability has been framed strategically and raised participation of the students in the campuses and the discussion in the society at large, showing the impact of framing on outcomes. A mixed-methods design was employed: qualitative content analysis of 200 purposively selected media reports representing diverse regions and publication types (June–September 2024), digital ethnography conducted over three months across three social media platforms, and fifteen semi-structured interviews with student activists and observers. It has been shown that the effects of the legacy are twofold: energized civic activism and calls to hold administration accountable, on the one hand, and deepened partisanism, destabilization of higher education, and increased policy concern, on the other. Comparative analysis shows that, unlike Hong Kong (2019) and Sudan (2019), Bangladesh’s student networks leveraged decentralized digital strategies, highlighting context-specific mechanisms for sustaining youth mobilization and extending theoretical understanding of youth movements globally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fakhrul Abedin Tanvir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
P. Feyerabend's Methodology as a key to understanding modern economic theory
The objective of this report to answer the question – can Feyerabend's methodology provide a key to understanding modern economic theory. Feyerabend argues that the violation of scientific canons is a condition for the development of scientific knowledge. This principle holds true in the field of economic knowledge, particularly during qualitative transformations known as scientific revolutions (Marxist, marginalist, Keynesian revolutions). Feyerabend posits that a theory can never be refuted solely based on empirical evidence. New theories are needed that will give these facts theoretical significance. Scientists should adhere to the methodological principle of “proliferation” of theories in their scientific endeavors. The propensity for theory multiplication holds positive significance, as it fosters competition among theories, thereby enhancing their theoretical and methodological foundations. Feyerabend’s skepticism, relativism, and voluntarism are opposed to dogmatism, the struggle against which is an essential condition for the development of any knowledge. Feyerabend’s approach facilitates a more comprehensive explanation of the heterogeneity of modern economic theory, which deviates from the paradigmatic structure of a research program and provides each author with the autonomy to develop their own conceptual framework. Feyerabend's criticism of the cumulative model of scientific development leads us to believe that the concept of progress is not applicable to modern economic theory, only horizontal progress is acceptable, and therefore it becomes challenging to make definitive predictions about the future trajectory of economic science.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leonid Tutov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Managing irregular migration: A comparative analysis of approaches and policies in South Africa-Zimbabwe and USA-Mexico
This study examines the challenges of irregular migration and analyzes the approaches and policies adopted by two distinct geographical regions: South Africa-Zimbabwe and the United States-Mexico. Through a qualitative literature review, this research investigates the historical and contemporary dynamics of irregular migration flows between these regions, focusing on the underlying factors that drive these movements, the socio-economic and political consequences for both sending and receiving countries, and the various strategies employed to manage these flows. The analysis explores the multifaceted nature of irregular migration, encompassing economic, social, political, and humanitarian dimensions. It examines the effectiveness of different policy approaches, including border control measures, visa regulations, labor migration programs, and refugee protection frameworks. Furthermore, the study investigates the role of international cooperation, regional agreements, and civil society involvement in addressing irregular migration challenges. By comparing and contrasting the experiences of these two regions, this study aims to identify commonalities and divergences in migration patterns, policy responses, and their respective outcomes. The analysis seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex challenges associated with irregular migration and inform the development of more effective and humane policies for managing these flows in a globalized and interconnected world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricky M Mukonza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Critical Review of Metadiscourse in Academic Writing: Functions and Pedagogical Implications
Metadiscourse refers to the linguistic devices that writers use to organize their texts and engage readers, guiding interpretation and interaction. This study offers a comprehensive critical review of metadiscourse research in academic writing, focusing on the functional categories proposed by Hyland (2005) and subsequent developments. Through an extensive literature survey, the paper examines how metadiscourse markers contribute to textual coherence, writer-reader interaction, and the construction of authorial stance across disciplines and genres. The review highlights key pedagogical implications for academic writing instruction, emphasizing strategies for raising awareness of metadiscourse use to enhance clarity and persuasiveness. By synthesizing existing findings, this study aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation for educators and researchers interested in improving academic literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zeynep Zeliha SONKAYA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Islamic Knowledge as a Foundation for Political Renewal: Towards Contemporary Applied Model
This paper examines the role of Islamic knowledge as a foundational basis for political renewal in the modern era, proposing a contemporary applied model rooted in authentic Islamic principles. Drawing on the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the classical Islamic intellectual heritage, it argues that the integration of Shariah objectives (Maqasid al-Shariah) into governance can produce systems that are both morally legitimate and practically effective. The study first outlines the conceptual foundations of Islamic political thought, identifying its ethical imperatives, justice-oriented frameworks, and emphasis on public welfare as critical components for addressing governance challenges. It then develops a model that bridges traditional principles with contemporary political structures, ensuring adaptability to diverse social contexts. By employing comparative analysis, historical precedents, and modern policy needs, the paper demonstrates that Islamic epistemology offers a dynamic and sustainable pathway for reform. The proposed model seeks to harmonize moral authority with institutional functionality, advancing a governance paradigm capable of responding to evolving societal demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Majeed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cross-Cultural Examination: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Academic Help-Seeking Among British and Chinese Students
Academic help-seeking is an essential self-regulation strategy that supports student learning, yet its use is influenced by cultural and contextual factors such as self-esteem and study-abroad experiences. This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic help-seeking among postgraduate students from different cultural backgrounds, focusing on British and Chinese students studying either in their home country or abroad. A total of 115 postgraduate students completed an online survey comprising the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, an academic help-seeking attitudes measure, and a help source preference scale. Quantitative analyses were conducted to compare self-esteem, preferred help sources, and attitudes toward help-seeking across groups, and to assess correlations between self-esteem and help-seeking behaviours. Results indicated significant cultural differences: British students reported higher self-esteem and preferred family or self-directed resources, whereas Chinese students—especially those studying abroad—reported lower self-esteem and were more likely to seek help from instructors. Self-esteem was positively correlated with constructive help-seeking and negatively associated with perceptions of threat. These findings suggest that studying abroad can amplify cultural variations in help-seeking, with the academic environment and educational system shaping students’ preferences for support sources. The study highlights the importance of culturally responsive interventions, such as pre-departure orientation and peer mentoring, to foster inclusive learning environments. Limitations are discussed, and recommendations are made for longitudinal and mixed-method research to further explore these relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hsin-Yi Shih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peculiarities of the sound of Japan proverbs
In this study, I examined the pronunciation and phonetic characteristics of Japan proverbs. The Japan proverbs examined were examined from the viewpoint of expression, phonetics, and phonology in the "Proverb Test Official Guidebook (Grades 1 to 6)". The results are as follows. By using a lot of numbers, Japan proverbs have a rhythm (e.g., Issekinicho（ kill two birds with one stone）). And by using expressions such as contrast, inversion, and repetition, Japan proverbs have a rhythm (e.g., Yo Ha Uta Ni Tsure Uta Ha Yo Ni Tsure（the world goes with the song, the song goes with the world）). And by ending with a noun (taigendome) or using literary expressions (nu, zu, zaru), Japan proverbs have a sound resonance. (e.g., s Maka Nu Tane Ha Hae Nu（seeds that do not grow do not grow）) These expressions are more common in Japan proverbs than in proverbs of other countries and can be said to be one of the characteristics of Japan proverbs. I would like to argue that it can be used as a tool to enjoy the beauty and fun of the sound of Japanese when teaching Japanese to foreigners.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shimizu Yasuo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Destruction of Buddhist Heritage in Bangladesh:A Study on Religious Persecutionof Indigenous Communities
At the intersection of religious fervor, the erosion of cultural heritage and the struggle for minority rights lies a complex tapestry of violence, where beliefs clash and identities are threatened, igniting a fervent debate on coexistence and justice. This research investigates the destruction of Buddhist heritage and persecution of Buddhist communities in Bangladesh, with a focus on religious violence and cultural erasure. Although Bangladesh is predominantly Muslim, a minority Buddhist population exists, primarily in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Recently there was an incidents took place in Rangamati & Khagrachari district where minorities were attacked, looted and burnt their shops and houses by the Muslims settlers with the help of Bangladesh military even Buddhist monasteries were attacked and burnt down. These kinds of heinous incidents often always been occurred against Buddhist communities. As a result, the chief monk of the Buddhist community announced not to conduct Kathina Civara Dana in this year due to the lack of protections. Data were collected through social activists, chief monks of Chittagong Hill Track and news. This qualitative research explores the extent of physical and emotional damage inflicted on both the religious sites and the community. The methodology focused on gathering firsthand accounts of destructions, harassment, and the socio-political factors contributing to the targeting of the Buddhists. Preliminary findings reveal widespread destruction of ancient Buddhist temples, some of which data back centuries, along with physical violence against monks and laypeople. Many participants reported that these attacks are politically motivated and often go unpunished by authorities. The research suggests a coordinated effort by extremist groups to erase Buddhist groups to erase Buddhist presence in the country, coupled with governmental inaction, which has exacerbated the persecution. This study underscores the need for greater international awareness and protection of religious minorities in Bangladesh, particularly in preserving the rich cultural and religious heritage of the Buddhist community (Indigenous).
Copyright (c) 2025 Rev. Thowui Ching Marma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How the Applied Humanities is Transforming Humanities Education in the United States
This paper examines how the rise of the Applied Humanities programs in American Higher Education is transforming how the humanities is taught in the United States, shifting it from a traditionally theoretical orientation toward more career-relevant, interdisciplinary, and socially engaged models. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative analysis of program data from over 50 U.S. institutions with qualitative content analysis of curriculum frameworks, mission statements, and institutional marketing materials. Findings reveal a significant increase in new programs launched since 2015 under labels such as Public Humanities, Digital Humanities, Health Humanities, and Environmental Humanities. Enrollment patterns show that these programs are especially successful at attracting non-traditional students, particularly those pursuing online and hybrid degrees. The analysis demonstrates that these programs embed transferable skills common to the humanities—communication, ethics, cultural competency, and systems thinking—within real-world contexts like healthcare, public policy, and technology. Through case studies of five universities, the paper illustrates how these programs maintain core disciplinary strengths in interpretation and critical inquiry while aligning with workforce demands and community engagement. Furthermore, faculty interviews and student surveys highlight a growing interest in project-based learning, internships, and collaborative research. The paper concludes that the Applied Humanities represents not a dilution but an evolution of the humanities, enabling institutions to reframe liberal arts education as essential to addressing complex societal challenges. This transformation is reshaping both the identity and value proposition of the humanities in higher education, with long-term implications for curriculum design, faculty roles, and public perception of the field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Steven J. Killings (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measurement of Professional Competencies in the Basic Education Program at the University of Otavalo, Ecuador
This study examined the professional competencies of undergraduate students pursuing a Basic Education degree at the University of Otavalo. The research question focused on whether students possessed competencies aligned with their academic level. The objective of the research was to measure the level of achievement of the students' professional competencies, according to their level of studies. The units of analysis were the generic competencies and the specific competencies corresponding to the profession, as defined in the academic curriculum. A quantitative approach was employed, using a questionnaire adapted for each academic year. The questionnaire was validated by a panel of experts and was administered through the MOODLE platform. The sample included 42 students from different levels of the program. Results indicated that students achieved a high level of both generic and specific competencies, with 97% and 94% proficiency, respectively. These findings support the effectiveness of the competency-based teaching methodology employed by the faculty. The study concludes that this approach successfully contributes to the development of the desired graduate profile.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ledys Hernández (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Negative Causality as a Genuine and Productive Causality
I claim that the principle of causality and its complexities is essential for understanding the phenomena and events around us. It is difficult to conceive knowledge without causal relationships. In this study, I focus on the principle of negative causality, which pertains to counterfactuals, obstacles, and absent factors within the causal mechanism, as they can be pivotal in making a difference and instigating change. I argue in this research that negative causality possesses a logical causal strategy that is as significant as positive causality, where causes are clearly present and lead to specific outcomes directly associated with them and can be clearly inferred through logical processes. In his book “Physical Connection”, Pearl Dowe criticized negative causation on the bases of not accepting any causal connection if not physical, I will argue against his position trying to show that negative causation is a legitimate mechanism for connecting cause and effect. If we review the history of human experience and knowledge through its various stages, the importance of the principle of causality will emerge prominently in both. This principle is fundamentally embedded in our daily practices and thinking, in the phenomena, events, and things we interact with, as humans cannot conduct their practical lives without ideas and assumptions related to causality. The same applies to scientific knowledge; causality is at the core of this knowledge, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to conceive of knowledge without causal relationships. Philosophers throughout the ages have attempted to derive insights from everyday experiences and prevailing knowledge in order to grasp the meaning of the concept of causality, its roots, origins, and foundations, thus seeking to philosophically establish this essential concept. In the context of their research on this principle, philosophers have focused their discussions on real causation, which is defined by a material connection and energy transfer between cause and effect—"throwing a stone at a window will cause it to break." For a causal relationship to be deemed productive and to hold inferential value, it must create a difference in the operative causal mechanisms. However, as a researcher in the principle of causation, I contend that negative causation is also a genuine form of causation and plays a significant role in the mechanisms at work. The argument I present and defend here is that negative causation holds equal importance to positive ("real") causation, which is primarily characterized by the transfer of energy between cause and effect. In my view, this transfer cannot be the decisive factor in distinguishing between positive and negative causation, as a key feature of negative causation is that causes need not be materially connected to their effects. This is evident from instances that contradict material connection; causes no longer need to be linked to their outcomes. For example, we can consider cases where both cause and effect are absent. Even in such situations, they will undoubtedly create a difference and lead to some result. This underscores that causation, at its core, means creating a difference, which can occur in the case of positive causation—like throwing a stone that breaks a window—and in negative causation, such as the absence of sun leading to the absence of light. As we see, cases of prevention and omission result in negative causal outcomes. Thus, negative causation contains a consistent inferential pathway between cause and effect. It is worth noting that every positive causal process carries within it its opposite, namely negative causation, which represents a possibility among genuine causal relationships. To present my supporting arguments for negative causation, I will rely on logic at each stage and in each argument, following a logical line of reasoning that clarifies the mechanism of action in causal cases where causes are absent, leading to the consequent absence of effects, Thus, creating a causal difference. The contribution of this study to the exploration of causation lies in its focus on a type of causation often regarded as spurious or unreal, specifically negative causation, which has been conventionally treated in philosophical discourse. Therefore, I will retrace the philosophical discussions surrounding negative causation and subsequently present arguments affirming that this form of causation is indeed real, productive, and capable of making a difference within the causal mechanisms at play.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Suzan Aldababsa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perception of Recent Immigration and Integration in Croatia Considering Generational Cycles
The increased immigration of foreigners to Croatia in the last few years, from culturally, religiously, ethnically and linguistically heterogeneous environments, indicates the need to develop a comprehensive integration policy. The results of the European Social Survey from 2020 show that, on average, Croatian citizens expressed mostly moderate and divided attitudes regarding the immigration of foreigners, but more often more positive ones. Previous research has shown that age and education are important factors in the perception of foreigners. The perception of Croatian citizens on the recent immigration of foreign workers to Croatia will be analyzed using the semi-structured interview method and with regard to different generational cycles, the so-called baby boomers and members of generations X, Y and Z. Special emphasis will be directed towards the respondents' attitudes related to learning and knowing the Croatian language as a prerequisite for more successful work, social and daily adaptation to the destination country. Other factors of the linguistic and cultural dimension of integration will be examined, in the context of the role of the educational system, local communities, the labor market, etc. in building an intercultural environment. The goal of the research is to determine the similarities and differences in the attitudes about immigration and integration in Croatia considering generational differences of the respondents, as well as their education, gender and other socio-demographic characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Proceeding of the 2nd Global Conference on Research in Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
‘I Earn Here but Have no Family Life’: Experiences of Bangladeshi Migrants Living in Dublin
Moving to a different country with family members varies according to the migrants’ immigration status in the receiving countries. Those who are mainly capable of selling their physical labour cannot financially afford to do so and are not entitled to migrate with family members. Leaving behind homes, communities, relatives and friends, they migrate abroad for a new hope—income security, a new home, and a better education for children. Living in Europe for non-European migrants requires sacrificing family lives. The physical labour of migrants is economically valued, but it is important to understand that a sustainable economy cannot be established without considering the labourers’ family reunification. Without family reunification, migrants’ family members are deprived of enjoying lives in the receiving countries where migrants invest their labour and time. Family reunification is important for integration and well-being. This paper intends to illustrate how immigration policies and migrants’ economic and visa status play a significant role in the family reunification of South Asian migrants to Dublin, Ireland. The prevailing housing precarity adds more complexities to the application for family reunification. The legal barriers to family reunification leave migrants in transnational lives, uncertainties, mental stress and despair. The study’s early findings based on qualitative data indicate that migrants’ right to family life is structurally ignored.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Altaf Hossain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effects of Discourse-Based, Non-Partisan Civic Activities on Student Civic Engagement,Polarization, and Understanding of Political Issues
School often serves as the first opportunity for students to learn about civics. However, current systems of civics education may not be preparing students to be civically engaged citizens given the growing civic disengagement and political polarization in American politics, suggesting the need for educational solutions to stimulate civic engagement and unity. This prompted researchers at the Institute for Youth in Policy (YIP) to research the effectiveness of non-partisan, discourse-based civics education that promotes civic engagement and unity. Previous research has found that “interactive civic activities” have helped students gain interest in learning about American civics. However, it does not focus on the productiveness of non-partisan, discourse-based civic techniques in promoting open-mindedness and complete, round comprehension of political issues. Researchers found that discourse-based methods are effective in depolarization, increasing topic comprehension, and promoting civic engagement among youth. Researchers utilized statistical analysis of pre- and post-workshop data from a virtual workshop (n=36) to analyze if discourse-based civics programs have quantifiable positive effects on participants’ engagement, depolarization, and topic comprehension. This research may help solve the polarization and civic disengagement crisis, especially among young Americans.
Copyright (c) 2024 Proceeding of the Global Conference on Research in Social Sciences
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents a business's dedication to advancing economic growth while simultaneously enhancing the well-being of its workforce, their families, and the broader society. CSR encompasses crucial components such as corporate governance, business ethics, and relationships within the workplace and the business environment. In today's fiercely competitive landscape, higher education institutions and universities must adopt robust corporate strategies to secure a favorable reputation and gain a competitive edge. Incorporating CSR into their operational frameworks not only aligns with societal expectations but also drives continuous improvement within these institutions. This improvement is facilitated by both external influences and internal capabilities, fostering efficiency and effective management. The research topic undertaken by our project team holds significant relevance, particularly when considering the "third mission" of universities. This mission can be broadly defined as the altruistic commitment of universities to society's well-being through specific actions, communication, and collaboration. It emphasizes the engagement of higher education institutions with society at various levels—local, regional, national, and global—promoting social responsibility and horizontal accountability. The increasing trends of globalization and the internationalization of education and economic development have compelled universities to redefine their traditional roles. While their primary focus has historically been on teaching and research, there is a growing imperative to embrace the third mission. This entails active participation in the economic, social, and cultural advancement of society, reflecting a broader and more holistic approach to university contributions.
A Neurocognitive Model of Psychopathology in Violent Offending and Psychosocial Elements of a Successful Death Penalty Defense
This paper presents a neurocognitive model of psychopathology in extreme violent offending. On June 9, 2017, Brendt Christensen, a physics graduate student, kidnapped, tortured and murdered a visiting Chinese scholar at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Due to the transnational aspect of the case coupled with the heinousness of the crime, the murder drew international headlines. Christensen had exhibited a myriad of psychopathological symptoms and had sought counseling in the days leading up to the commission of the crime. However, he was not flagged as a risk to self or others. Despite the state’s moratorium on capital punishment, the U.S. federal government assumed jurisdiction and sought the death penalty. An insanity plea was not relied upon; nevertheless, the defense introduced key psychiatric evidence at trial. The paper presents the case of Brendt Christensen as a case study, details the psychosocial elements that his defense team presented at trial that spared him the U.S. death penalty, and outlines a plausible diagnostic clarification based on neurocognitive features and current research. The paper concludes that diagnoses including autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality fail to adequately encompass the latest neuro-research on social cognition, such as mentalizing, emotional sharing, and pro-social concern, and that these features are critical to a violence risk assessment.
The curse of big men in Zimbabwe’s post-independence politics: Mugabe left, but the curse remained!
The big man or big men phenomenon has been prevalent in most African States in the post-independent era. There has been debate on what constitutes a big man with no universal understanding on the concept. There are, however, characteristics of what could be a big man in political sense. While an understanding of the subject of enquiry is critical, interest in this article is mainly on describing and analysing manifestation of the big men phenomenon in Zimbabwean politics. Whilst a lot of attention will be on ZANU PF, which has been the ruling party since 1980 when the country got its independence, it is argued that the big men syndrome is equally entrenched in the opposition political parties. This is particularly true when one considers the aspect of evading accountability owing to the stature of the leader. It had been hoped that the departure of the late former President Robert Mugabe would see a new dispensation in which institutions and constitutions have higher regard than individual leaders of political parties or the country. Preliminary evidence from literature suggests that big men, who are considered a curse in this article, continue unabated. They manifest both in the running of the State as well as in political parties. The article seeks to contribute to the growing literature on the subject of enquiry by unpacking how the big men curse has played out both in the Mugabe and post-Mugabe eras.
UNIDROIT Model Law on Warehouse Receipt is a Step Towards Achieving the UN SDGs in Africa
A warehouse receipt is a document of title, which allows farmers to use their crops as a commodity to secure a loan. The warehouse receipt system can boost the economic development of a country and attract foreign investments. This article explores how the UNIDROIT Model Law on Warehouse Receipt (hereafter UMLWR) can contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (hereafter UN SDGs). The first part of the article will explore the current situation in Africa regarding achieving the UN SDGs. In the second part of the article, a correlation will be drawn between the potential impact of the UMLWR and the sustainable development of Africa. Member states of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (hereafter OHADA) will be used as a case study. In particular, the article will focus on the UMLWR. OHADA was chosen as a case study, not only because OHADA member states have undeveloped legal norms in the field of warehouse receipt, (or no rules at all) but also because Africa, including OHADA member states, is far behind in the achievement of the UN SDGs. The article identifies that the UMLWR can have a direct and indirect impact on the UN SDGs. Thus, the model law can directly impact the achievement of Goal 1, ‘Elimination of Poverty’, and Goal 2, ‘Elimination of Hunger and Achievement of Food Security’, of the UN SDGs. However, the UMLWR can also have an indirect impact on the achievement of the UN SDGs.
Female Subjectivity in Anglophone Arab and Irish Diasporic Fiction: A Thematic Exploration of Identity, Displacement, and Gender Roles
This study focuses on a diverse array of Arab women writers from different countries, representing various educational backgrounds and cultural origins, including the Mediterranean and African regions, while adhering to diverse religious beliefs such as Islam and Christianity. These writers endeavour to create art that transcends national boundaries, presenting captivating female characters and exploring their struggles, identities, and journeys within the complex realm of the diaspora. These writers adeptly offer readers invaluable insights into the lived experiences of women navigating life in exile, weaving poignant, nostalgic memories illuminating the intricate challenges they face in their adopted homelands. This study of female subjectivity in selected novels by Anglophone Irish and Arab writers living in the diaspora is achieved through a comprehensive comparative technique and thematic analysis. Using these methods, the article critically examines how these female authors skilfully negotiate multifaceted issues of feminist identity, cultural displacement, and gender roles in their literary works. The analysis reveals a rich tapestry of female subjectivity portrayed through a nuanced lens, intricately interwoven with cultural heritage and the distinct realities of the diaspora. This exploration of selected works from renowned authors allows for a deepened comprehension of how female specificity interplays with the intricacies of diasporic experiences, creating a compelling and thought-provoking narrative that resonates across borders. Ultimately, this article contributes significantly to understanding the diverse and empowering narratives of female identity within the context of Anglophone Irish and Arab diasporic fiction. It draws attention to a complex pattern of female subjectivity that goes beyond the superficial. It is portrayed through a focus lens intricately interwoven with cultural heritage and the distinct diaspora realities. The study provides the readers with a profound and thought-provoking narrative that transcends borders, speaking to universal themes such as identity, displacement, and gender roles through selected works and authors.
Exploring Cultural Dynamics of Black Asian Ethnic Women in Addiction Recovery
The existing recovery capital literature primarily focuses on white males. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring addiction recovery among three culturally diverse UK women, utilizing CHIME-D and recovery capital frameworks. It seeks to compare their recovery paths, combining quantitative data with lived experiences, and barriers and unmet needs specific to women in recovery. The present study deploys a case study design involving a mixed methods approach to explore recovery pathways and resulting recovery capital. While one of the three participants, reports very strong and positive recovery capital on the REC-CAP Questionnaire, the other two are at a much earlier stage in their journey. In contrast to the white female participant, who lacks personal recovery capital and has significant barriers around ongoing substance use, the Black Asian Ethnic participants report cultural challenges and difficulties engaging with mainstream services. Recovery is a personal and individualized journey, but one that is predicated on social support, belonging and access to cultural and community resources. For Black Asian Ethnic participants, accessing and engaging with appropriate peer support is essential in building recovery capital and fulfilling the requirements of connection, hope, identity, meaning and empowerment.
In Pursuit of Sustainable and Inclusive Development: A Meta-Analysis of UNICEF Lesotho's Evaluations (2019-2023)
This meta-analysis conducts a thorough evaluation of UNICEF Lesotho's evaluative practices from the 2019-2023 program cycle against the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) criteria (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability). The analysis closely examines the alignment between the program's objectives and the needs of stakeholders, the efficacy of intervention strategies, the prudent management of resources, the lasting nature of program benefits, and the tangible progress experienced by the beneficiaries. It provides an in-depth look at the impact of these initiatives and considers the foresight of their sustained outcomes. The synthesis of this review brings to light several key insights: the crucial role of community-centric approaches, the need for interventions that are both targeted and inclusive, the importance of strategic resource allocation, the value of sustainability through government ownership, and the necessity of adaptability during crises. The evaluations reveal a consistent theme, the importance of community engagement and the localization of efforts are essential for securing the sustainability and relevancy of development work. Furthermore, interventions that are carefully tailored to address specific vulnerabilities are more likely to achieve significant and meaningful results, especially when they can adapt to the evolving landscape of needs. Additionally, the gradual transition toward community-led initiatives, in strong articulation with government priorities, is emphasized as a critical factor for the long-term sustainability of program impacts. The analysis not only critiques past practices but also carves out a roadmap for future improvements, emphasizing the enhancement of the application of OECD criteria in subsequent evaluations.
A Hermeneutical Reading of Fourth World Literature
The Contemporary discourse on Fourth World Literature offers deeper insights into the field of anthropology, literature, memory studies and social sciences. Within the broad spectrum of hermeneutics, Fourth world Literature/Native Literature draws on multiple philosophical and theoretical interpretations to a text. The current research paper seeks to explore how hermeneutics offers a multidisciplinary framework to interpret cultural artifacts such as, texts, films, music, and visual arts. With an abundance of texts embodied as Fourth World Literature today it is both interesting and challenging to bring them within a single unification and to adopt a stipulated methodology and theology due to its heterogeneous nature. Interestingly, there lies a huge corpus of literature known as Fourth World Literature from across the globe. Due to its inter-racial allegiance under the only historical and unifying backdrop of colonialism its existence before the invent of print literature is assumed as liminal and insignificant within the dynamics of European literary canon. Its emergence as a prominent voice in literature today and the surmounting theories embodying the same, it attempts to historicize the notion of what could be termed as literature. With the emergence of ALT Literature today, literature itself is constantly evolving into something new everyday. Fourth World Literature grapples with the socio-economic, literary and cultural conditions which impaired the lives of the natives. Reading these cultural artifacts enriches our understanding and knowledge of European colonial formation, post colonialism and the socio-cultural background of the colonial nation. Drawing upon E. D. Hrisch’ s, cultural literacy wherein he talks about the three important dimensions of hermeneutics namely, the linguistic dimension, the historical dimension and the cultural dimension the paper tries to explicate the dynamics of the hermeneutical theory in studying native literature. Understanding the linguistic facet of fourth world literature throws light on how literature was evaluated only on the metrics of script and all literature which was in oral form or in heliolithic forms predating print culture was considered to be out of the contours of the literary canon. French philosopher like Jacques Derrida in his of grammatology has challenged this linguistic privileging of script over other forms of literature even till date. Cultural activist and linguist like G.N. Devy has also highlighted such a linguistic discrimination eclipsing the rich cultural legacy of these nations and the acute suffering under the reigns of colonialism. Cultural literacy talks about knowledge passed down through traditions like language, literature, arts and culture common to a socio- cultural group. Individuals who are adept to this and have mastered this knowledge engage in a meaningful society through ‘lived experience’. This shared body of knowledge is vital for effective communication and interpretation. We can use the three dimensions of hermeneutic analysis to interpret any native text. Linguistic dimension engages with the language and literary devices used in the text like the mnemonics of remembering and forgetting, repetition, rhymes, native idioms and jokes. Historical dimension involves understanding the historical context in which a book was written. To any native literature across the globe the only underlying and common backdrop is European colonization. The cultural dimension of these texts can be examined through their artistic forms such as folklores, music, art, dance, mythology, flora, fauna, agriculture, ecology and sustainability. The paper explicates some of the powerful Fourth World literary texts from India, Africa and Australia applying the methodology of hermeneutics of Schleiermacher, Gadamer, Dilthey and Heidegger